American military tortures of prisoners of war Term Paper

American host tortures of prisoners of war - Term Paper physical exertionSince soldiers do not usually divulge information, the military personnel who detain hostiles as prisoners of war make use of different methods of torture for extracting information. Similarly, during peace time also nations come under threat of terrorist attacks, which is a major problem in nations across the world. Thus, when the military or the law enforcement agencies arrest suspects, they torture them to obtain information. In the modern day the United States of America is one nation that has become the target of legion(predicate) countries overdue to political as well as religious reasons. Politically, the nation opposes communism and as a result, countries include the communist political ideology have become Americas enemies. On the other hand, in religious and political context, the nation is also being targeted by Muslim radical groups. Thus, the American military as well as law enforcement agen cies are often forced to resort to torturing prisoners from other nations for extracting information for the purpose of safeguarding the external and internal security of their nation.While there are often allegations slightly countries engaged in war torturing the prisoners of war and other suspects, the complaints against the US military have been ascent in recent years, especially in the context of their role in Iraq, Afghanistan and in the crackdowns against the Al Qaeda. The frequent perception is that torture is being meted out by low ranking soldiers but in many cases the evidence has suggested that high ranking officers in both the military and civil administration authorize such(prenominal) atrocities on detainees. It is also noted that while the US government promises to punish those responsible for such acts, lone(prenominal) the people at bottom receive the punishment and top ranking leaders get away. one and only(a) of the major instances of the exposure of US tort ure on prisoners of war in recent days is the incident in March 28, 2004 when pictures of US soldiers inflicting torture and humiliation on the

Compare the role of women in Caroyl Churchill's top girls and Essay

Compare the role of women in Caroyl Church strokes pop off girls and Shakespeares taming of the shrew - Essay ExampleIt revolves around the theme of mistaken identity of two sisters Katharine and Bianca. Katharine is apparently rude, ill tampered and defiant while Bianca is meek and nice with moderate manners. Both girls fight for gaining their breeds attention. Katherines jealousy and selfishness is due to Biancas approval by everyone as she says, She is your treasure, she must have a married man I must dance bare-foot on her wedding day (The Taming of the Shrew. 2.1.35-36).1 Katherine is freelance and has free will, but at the same time she is bitchy and her father want her to get married at any cost. On the other hand, Bianca pretends to be obedient and portrays the image of innocent girl who submit to her elders will.Shakespeares charr is wild, rebellious, ruler or suppressed by the male dominated society. He reassigned the role to women who individually operate in a social structure which is not favorable for her. However, right role for woman in Shakespeares point of view is submission to mans will be it her father or husband. Initially Bianca is showed as right and good because of her humble behavior towards determines, irrespective of what is going on inside her. Katherine on the other hand is rejected due to her insolent doings besides her independent and free spirit. At the end of play, role of both sisters shift just because of submission to their husbands will, irrespective of what is going on inside their heads.The word taming reminds me of animals who need to be trained in order to be ready to serve better. Katherine is resembled with many animals and objects, for example, title itself suggests her to be a shrew, a mouse like animal. She is also compared with asses, horses and hawks. This idea can be observed in Act III, Scene II intelligibly when Petruchio saysMale domination over woman is obvious in the

Analysis on the medieval play Noah's Flood Research Paper

Analysis on the medieval play Noahs discharge - Research Paper ExampleHer character is belittled in the play as a char who lacks wisdom, foresight and who is not submissive to her husband. Her reaction suggests that she desires gossiping with her friends and actually seems to prefer to stay on with them as opposed to going into the ark with Noah. According to her, her friends are the people who truly love her and care for her and she believes she is the only 1 that can ensure those friends are saved (Page 314 200-8).In the case of Noahs married woman, the hierarchical trends in gild are bucked to the extent that Noah appears to be a henpecked man who submits to the will of his wife hence it is his wife who appears to find authority in their household. For example, despite her apology to going into the ark, Noah is concerned about her and asks his sons to bring her on (www.lib.rochester.edu). He says Welcome wife, into the boat (Page 315245) but Noahs wifes reaction is to give him a sharp slap, with the response, Have thou that for thy note (Page 315246). Noah does not retaliate as another man would have done, to put his wife in her place with sharp, belittling words or physical violence. He winces at the slap he receives and says, Aha Mary, this is hot (Page 315247), but merely continues It is good to be still. (Page 315248).The play about Noahs Flood is very important in the religious context, because it sets out various themes that are later as well as replicated in the Bible. The inclusion and depiction of the character of Noahs wife is significant, especially when compared to Adam and Eve. Noah appears to be like Adam a godly man with a rebellious wife. Noahs wifes resistance to going into the ark appears to symbolize the sin of mankind (www.geocities.com). In a similar manner to Noahs wife refusing to go into the ark, man also refuses to turn

Human Factors Affecting the Safe Operation of the Unmanned Aerial Research Paper

Human Factors Affecting the Safe Operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) - seek Paper ExampleThe researcher states that as many as 19 contrary types of UAVs were operating with the fusion forces in 2005 over Iraq, emphasizing the increasing role of UAVs in todays war front. Advances in automation enable UAVs to be flown autonomously for long periods of time, which necessitate making their own decisions based on remark data fed by remote control into them by the human operator positioned on the underseal station. UAVs ar set to dominate the military skies in a big way, with at least 90% of reconnaissance aircraft predicted to be made up of UAVs by 2015. However, the increasing dominance of the skies by UAVs has been considerably overshadowed by a marked increase in their accident rates as well in similitude with conventional aircraft, in which the human error emerges as a significant contributing factor. This paper discusses the diverse types of UAVs, the human errors contributing to UAV mishaps and the various related issues. As per US classification, UAVs are essentially classified into the pursuance types i) Micro UAVs ii) Low altitude Long endurance UAVs iii) High altitude long endurance UAVs use a conventional design iv) High altitude long endurance UAVs incorporating a low patent design. Notwithstanding the above, Agostino, Mammone Nelson & Zhou argue that UAVs can be classified into different subgroups in five different ways based on their Performance Characteristics such as Weight, Endurance &Range, Maximum Altitude, Wing onus or the Engine Type. UAVs can also be categorized depending on their Mission Capabilities. Accordingly, depending on weight, a UAV can be of Super Heavy, Heavy, Medium, Light or Micro category. Table-1 gives the classification by weight of more or less well known UAVs. As per this classification, Global Hawk is a super heavy UAV of over 2 tons by weight while Raven is a medium UAV and Dragon Eye a micro UAV of under 5Kg by weight. A comparison of weights of the different types of UAVs on a logarithmic outmatch is given at Fig-1. According to the endurance and range UAVs are classified to enable the type of UAVs to be selected for a particular mission based on the distance it has to travel and the frequency of refueling inescapably requiring it to be grounded. While long-endurance UAVs can stay on a sortie for more than 24 hours at a stretch, medium endurance UAVs stay afloat for 5-24 hours and low endurance UAVs can fly only(prenominal) less than 5 hours continuously. The range of long endurance UAVs tends to be high, with around 22,000kms for Global Hawk. The ranges of Gnat and Heron are less than 5000km as shown at Fig-2.

Explain some theory that you have read about in relation to the Essay

Explain some theory that you have read about in analogy to the pricing of products and discuss its usefulness - Essay ExampleIn the marketplace, they encounter a wide army of vendors and product offerings with a complex variety of benefits, determines, terms, and promotional messages. Research findings suggest that much of what mint do when they buy products and services follows a definite logic. They look for cues to help simplify decision making, and often verify on simple rules of thumb. Correspondingly, it is possible to identify patterns of behavior in the way buyers go about refreshing their needs (Morris, Morris, 1990). The business must consider the customers perception of footing implementing strategies such as positioning, price points and fairly pricing. Price alone can be used in several ways to attract customers. thither be two opposing strategies to the pricing of a product. If the business expects to be the low-cost leader, it must price (position) lower than the competition. If it wants to signal high lumber, it should price products higher than most of the competition. Some manufacturers and retailers use price as a signal of quality. Consumers often have few indicators of quality, so price may be perceive as one of the better available cues. By studied these various psychological aspects of consumer behavior, it becomes possible to price products and services to be of maximum appeal to the target market.Certain brands and retailers position themselves as providing value and quality at a low cost. These retailers rely on loss leaders to get consumers in the accession knowing that once in, consumers are more likely to shop for other things as well. There are sure specific prices (price-points) at which people become more willing to buy a certain type of product. Under 100 is a popular price point. An amount below 20 including sales tax is another popular price point because it is the most popular denomination of money that people t ypically carry with them.

Environmental Factors Affecting the Organization and Its Function Essay

surroundal Factors Affecting the Organization and Its Function Activities - Essay ExampleOf necessity then, all organizations must be adjusted to the environment in which they exist.The external environment of an organization are those factors that are outside the control of the coach-and-four but which nevertheless affect managerial decision - making. They generally affect all organizations within that friendship and thus they are not specific to any one firm. These environmental forces include - Political -legal forces, scotch forces, social and cultural forces. The two most important environmental are the technological forces and the internal environment. 2Political stability is another factor i.e. organizations will change their mode of trade depending on how inactive the political climate is. Presidential decrees also affects business decision - making. Business managers face a mountain of loss that limits their powers with regard to legal- political constrains. In the fin al analysis an organization usually cannot control what a government does. Sometimes these laws also create new opportunities for the firm. An example is compulsory recycling laws which have direct to the mushrooming of the recycling industry.However, it is important for the organization to understand that the main purpose of business legislation is to give companies vindication against unfair competition, protect the societys absorbs from being infringed by unscrupulous firms and also give consumers protection against business malpractices. (Dale, 2001) b) stinting forces Important aspects of the economy that affect the organization and human resource activities include inflation, economic growth, interest place and employment.During periods of inflation, firms must pay more for raw materials Economic growth rate gos the demand for products while interest rate determines how much it will cost the organization to borrow money. Unemployment will influence the supply labour. oth er(a) economic factors affecting the organization are prices, savings and the availability of creditc) Social/cultural forces This environment consists of the value systems, social demographic characteristics and other basic characteristics of persons comprising the society.Such characteristics include desires, attitude, expectations, aspirations, believes, traditions, levels of breedings, religions and customs of people in a given society.Religion might for instance influence peoples tastes and preferences to products. Education may also influence tastes and preferences. People may have a negative attitude towards the products / services that the organization offers. The level of grooming would also affect the human resource function of selection and training because the low the level of education of its work forces, the more the training. The converse is true.Peoples lifestyles will influence the

Economic Development in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

sparing Development in East Asia - Essay ExampleMany countries started the modern economic growth line Second World War while nearly other countries chose to start them according to their preference. The biggest developer Japan unflinching to use the modern economy from 1985, where as china implemented it from mid-eighties. It followed the economy policy and preferred merchandise economies over central economy.From then it has been a growing stage for each untaught as salutary as the East Asia as a whole. Globalization created so much impact on every(prenominal) the countries and only some could withstand the era of Globalization. East Asian countries did not face this problem. They were strong abounding to accept and change towards globalization, and from then there has been a continuous growth in all the countries. As politics played a major role in the development of a country, many countries could not improve their economic standard immediately. They had to cooperate wi th the government and abide by their rules and regulations. The growth and development was seen in starting up new industries and inventing new things.(Nabende 2003). Import and Export underwent a transformation. Countries like Japan and china started to manufacture their own products instead of importing them from other foreign countries.This in turn resulted in merchandiseing goods manufactured by them to the other countries. Manufacturing companies started to produce textiles, technological products and other industrial and home appliances. The shares of each country were based on their development and some of them had a tough time due to the massive benefit of China and Japan. (Sycip 1996).There was also a growth on the education and employment, which gradually improved the economy. After some years, the government started providing monetary support to the countries, which made the development easier. The trade and its market started to improve import and export decided a co untries role to develop other nations. Though East Asian countries were experiencing growth, in the 1980s there was a setback which the countries found it difficult to cope up with. Some of them reported nought growth and import and export were affected. This condition improved after years of struggle and fight. Japan was pencil lead in the development stage and it faced a severe competition with the expediency of United States. The prize of dollar and Yen kept in fluctuating. There was a tough competition between them. financial Crisis Financial crisis disturbed and turned down the improvement of almost all the countries in the world. East Asian countries were the worst hit by the financial crisis. There was a drop in their currency take to be too. (Greenwood 2005).The U.S dollar continued to dominate and countries like Japan and China had their currencies floating. The receivey from this crisis took some time and improvement seemed to be tough. Due to this crisis, trading o perations totally came to a halt. Countries with good economies could manage, where as smaller countries started to suffer. enthronisation went down and they found it difficult to tide over the situation. But then after sometime the countries started to recover and the recovery was rather a shock to the other countries. With the help of the government, countries gained financial support and their trading, import, export and investing seemed to improve. Trade assignments between the East Asian countr

Company Analysis of the Financial Performance of White bread Plc Coursework

Company Analysis of the Financial Performance of White bread Plc - Coursework guinea pigThese businesses are conducted under the name of several well-known brands like the Premier Inn, the Beefeater Grill, the Brewers Fayre, Table Table, Taybarns and costa Coffee. The company provides employment to around 40,000 people all over the world. The organization in based in the United Kingdom and constitutes one of the major hospitality brands of the region. It serves over 11 million customers on a monthly basis in UK. Whitbread Plc recorded commendable financial results in the year 20110-11. The companys total revenues grew by 11.5 per cent from ? 1435 in 2009-10 to ? 1599.6 in 2010-11. The profit in advance tax recorded a handsome increase of 20.1 per cent from ? 239.1 in 200-10 to 287.1 in 2010-11. The firm also recorded a 17 per cent escalation in its full year dividend. The corresponding dividend increased from 38 in 2009-10 to 44.50 in 2010-11. Thus, overall the Whitbread Group co nsisting of the Bars, Hotels, restaurants and the Coffee Chains reported a good growth in its business operations during the financial year 2010-11. Profitability balances Profitability Ratios of a company exhibit the firms condenser to generate earnings in comparison with its expenditure incurred during a period of time. Usually, an increase in the profitableness ratios of a company over a time period indicates a good financial proceeding of the firm. (Thakuram, 2007, p.48). The Profit rim The Profit Margin is defined as the Net Income/Revenues or Net wage/gross revenue. This is usually expressed as a percentage and indicates how much the firm retains as earnings extinct of every dollar of sales The Profit Margin of Whitbread Plc has been calculated for 2009-10 and 2010-11, as follows Years Profit before Tax (million) Sales (mn) Profit Margin = Net Profit/Sales (%) 2010-11 ? 287.1 ? 1599.6 17.9% 2009-10 ? 239.1 ? 1434.6 16.7% (Annual write up of Whitbread Plc, 2009-10, 2010 -11) Therefore, the Profit Margin of Whitbread Plc has increased from 16.7% in 2009-10 to 17.9% in 2010-11. This shows that the financial performance of the company has improved from the previous year. Return on Assets (ROA) The Return on Assets is calculated by Net Income/Total Assets. This is also expressed as a percentage and gives an idea about the profitability of the company in relation to its total assets. The ROA of Whitbread Plc has been calculated for 2009-10 and 2010-11, as follows (Annual Report of Whitbread Plc, 2009-10, 2010-11) The figures indicate that Whitbread Plcs ROA has increased from 0.0009% in 2009-10 to 0.0010% in 2010-11. This shows that the pro0fitablity of the firm has increased from the last year. capacity Ratios Efficiency Ratios are utilized to evaluate how efficiently a company is able to make intent of its internal assets and liabilities. An improvement of efficiency ratios usually lead to increased profitability for the company. (Leach, 2011, p.75- 78) Sales to Inventory Ratio This is calculated by Annual Net Sales/ Inventory. It provides an idea about the inventory-to-sales ratio of the company, which can be compared over a period of time. The Sales to Inventory Ratio of Whitbread Plc has been calculated for 2009-10 and 2010-11, as follows (Annual Report of Whitbread Plc, 2009-10, 2010-11) Therefore, the Sales to Inventory Ratio of Whitbread Plc, has decreased from 0.55 % in 2009-10 to 0.54% in 2010-11. Assets to Sales Ratio This ratio is given by Total Assets/Net Sales. It provides an indication of how the firm is utilizing its assets to generate sales. The Assets to Sales Ratio of Whitbread Plc has been calculated for 2009-10 and 2010-11, as follows (Annual Report of Whitbread Plc, 2009-10, 2010-11) Thus, the Assets to Sales Ratio of Whitbread Plc had reduced from 0.018% in 2009-10 to 0.017% in 2010-11. The decline in both the Efficiency

Latino film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Latino film - Essay ExampleIn later scenes, to cope with the hardships and growing opposition from her husband, she ends up throwing her husband out of her home. Even after this rough and hard decision, she still had to manage her manner with the growing stray of revolution around her. The painting revolves around the typical life of a Cuban charwoman who had to deal with all the hardships and struggle despite being the fragile part of the hunting lodge without whatsoever support from her husband and family. Many people underestimate the power of wowork force during the times of war and revolution. During the wave of feminist movement in 1960 women played their roles as efficient workers and home makers at the corresponding time. On the former(a) hand, comparing the movie with another Hollywoods revolutionary film, Salt of the Earth, triggered the critics to look into a antithetical direction for its content and subject. The latter movie holds the same revolutionary wave wi th women in the leading roles as it has been depicted in Portrait of Teresa. The lineament of Esperanza was supported by showcasing the rapidly growing womens movement. The character of Esperanza is shown coping with the troubles of unionism, leftists and at the same time, the emerging wave of feminism. In both the movies a strong wave of feminism can be felt. However, in the Portrait of Teresa, the movie revolved around the struggles of one woman whereas in Salt of the Earth, the subject of the movie projects the struggle of Esperanza with her sisters. But their struggle for sexual equality is the rudimentary idea that has been projected in both the movies. Women have been portrayed as the strongest gender as compared to men despite social barriers and minimum exposure to the world outside. Both the characters had to bear the same strenuous house responsibilities and later with their keen participation in the movement, they had to bear the disapproval of their involvement in the movement from their husbands. The physical composition of both the movies revolves around one thought - how to survive the struggle for your rights in a subjugated society filled with gender discrimination and bias. Both of the women are tied to fulfill their gender roles assigned to them by their societal traditions with little room to be accepted as anything other than a typical homemaker. Teresas resentment over inequality and growing anger over her husbands ill interference clearly project the time when women were gaining empowerment and awareness of the unfair living conditions and treatment. Similarly, in Salt of the Earth, Esperanza holds the same state of mind, when she was greatly undermined by her husbands judgmental statement and strikes back in a bitter tone, Have your strike. Ill have my baby, but no hospital will take me, because Ill be a strikers wife. The store will cut off our credit, and the kids will go hungry . . . and then theyll come and take away the radio (Salt of the Earth, p.10). Even at this point, her husband scorns her fleck chastising for fear of losing the radio and being more self-concerned. Women are emotionally vulnerable but deep pop inside they tend to project the stronger side of their personality, especially in times of stress. All in all, the movie Portrait of Teresa is a poignant movie which depicts the contradictions which exist in the male dominated Cuban society, no matter how much the Cuban Revolution and its ideals have attempted to bring women to the

Establish your Building Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Establish your Building Business - date ExampleWithout doubt, the company forget puzzle process flows representing how all of these errands and employees interact with each to produce the last-ditch service or product (Gainforte, 2010) As partners, we are going to set out expectations, entrust, progress the instruction time, and duplicate for growth. We entrust also be required to have procedures documented. In some cases, we impart be required to have operations manual in place. This operations manual will ensure that customers have the same experience every time they encounter with my company. Conversely the relation between complexity and readiness for buildings is something we are not going to overlook. We are going to build a bragging(a) a large building enterprise, where the mission is critical and the system highly distributed, the need for data room decorator, infrastructure architect, art architect enterprise architect and solutions architect is going to arise. To maintain the building licenses it is important that to consider having a super in place (Yetton, 2010). The superintendent should be included in the hierarchy of the buildings management. It is important to should ensure that the superintendent is respected and respected by the bestride and management. Ideally, the phone line of the board is to lay down policies, while the job of the management will be implanting those policies. The superintend job is to supervise the building staff, and report back to the management. Furthermore, for board to be successful, it should prolong its directives and policy decisions to a minimum to allow their subordinates, to carry out polices and procedures that not notwithstanding benefit the company, but also meet the building policies. Quality and check over and safety should also be major concerns for project managers. Defects in constructed facilities could lead to heavy costs. Even so, with slight defects, this could lead to re-constructi on and or the next of the facility operation. Additionally, accidents either fatal or not fatal may occur during construction processes. It will be, therefore, paramount that I hire project managers who are highly qualified. The project managers will ensure that strait-laced job in done, and that no accidents occur in the construction process (Yetton, 2010). In order to keep and maintain the business and building licenses, I will be required to hire inspectors and quality authority personnel. There job will be inspecting samples of materials in specialized laboratories to ensure adherence to regulatory requirements (Gainforte, 2010). It will be my great concern that I ensure the contractors I will hire in my company, will b conscious of these standards. I will also ensure that I encourage quality control among employees, too. As a contractor, my company will be responsible for all safety site operations, in accordance with the terms of the contract. Adequate training of employees is something I will ensure is observed so that the employees net implement their particular duties property. After being advised by my financial advisers, I favored a business that will be owned and operated more than individual. In short, I decided to structure the business as a partnership. Even so, I settled for general partnership, whereupon the partners will manage the company and have got debt responsibilities of the company. I settled for partnership business structure because of the tax treatment associated with it. Ideally,

Tort Reform in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tort Reform in the USA - Research Paper ExampleWhat is tort reform? is an name create verbally by Eddins & Greenstone (2009) for the HG.org. This article greatly assists readers in getting a clear view of the tort reform in the US. In order to clearly depict this concept, the antecedents describe the term tort. They simply define tort as a non-criminal civil wrong that is caused either on purpose or through negligence (Eddins & Greenstone, 2009). Article writers think that medical malpractice and false imprisonment are around examples of tort. The tort reform attempts to put procedural limits on an singles ability to file claims and restrict awards of damages. In other words, tort reform imposes slightly limitations on the maximum amount the injured party can claim and the amount of time an aggrieved individual has to file a claim. The article claims that this insurance policy may reduce frivolous lawsuits whereas it also takes away some rights of the victim. In his article T ort reform important to U.S. future published in CNN U.S, Dobbs (2005) points out long-term benefits of the tort reform. The author says that the proposed tort reform would amplify the nations economic growth as this policy is capable of reducing the enormous burden of tort litigations costs. The writer justifies his argument by pointing that US tort system has already exceeded $200 billion a year and this figure accounts for the nations 2% of GDP. Dobbs also illustrates that this figure may rise to roughly 8% unless necessary changes are make to the current tort system. Throughout his article, Dobbs refers to European court systems to support the terms of the tort reform in the US. Bornstein and Robicheaux (2008), in their book Civil juries and civil justice psychological & legal perspectives, address different aspects of the proposed tort reform. The authors state that torts are non criminal offenses and they are aimed at determining liability but not guilt. Bornstein and Robic heaux (2008) point out that there are more tort trails in the United States than contract cases. As a result of increasing tort cases, legal authorities are forced to spend great amounts of money and time on this issue. The writers also indicate that the proposed reform is the only sensible strategy to baffle the US civil justice system under control (p.5). The article Tort reform hurts citizens was written by Alley Jordan (2011) and published on The Falcon website. The article writer argues that the tort reform policy would notably limit the constitutional rights of citizens. According to the tort reform proposal, a corporation cannot be sued oer a certain amount as fixed by its state. This provision prevents plaintiffs from recovering complete damages. The author argues that arbitration clauses in the tort reform are likely to limit plaintiffs right to claim against corporations. The halter order is another constitutionally violating aspect of the proposed tort reform and it re stricts the plaintiffs right to deal about the trial publicly. The author concludes the article by stating that tort reform is good for the corporations that support it, but is not good for average citizens (Jordan, 2011).

Controlling Child Pornography on the Usenet Article

Controlling Child Pornography on the Usenet - Article ExampleSo it is easily understandable that anonymity serves as the key for such criminals, which they feasibly use as a protective shell. The catch-22 is that the complete censoring of CP on Usenet cannot be implemented easily since that is somewhat impossible without banning the internet because Usenet is basically served by the internet. And why just strike out a war against Usenet when the percentage of CP on the internet is basically even larger? The cutting truth is, pornography can never be simply root out and finished forever since it really grows vigorously.Amidst darkness, the scintillating hope is that lately many Usenet communities have been account to be curbed after important measures observed at the Government level. Internet Service Providers have been labored to shut down Usenet access at many places in order to cut down the unending demand of child porn. Cuomo crackdown is a well known open war happening aga inst the erotic newsgroups of Usenet. NY assign attorney Andrew Cuomo has managed to get two more ISPs to join his Crusade against Usenet child porn. (Roettgers, 2008). America Online is among the ISPs who have concur to do something about blocking CP and once it denies access to newsgroup servers, the Usenet is sure to become a less enchanting magnet for cybercriminals. Another fact supporting the rampage against Usenet is that Recording Industry Association of America sued Usenet for trillions of dollars, criticizing it as the network of illicit file sharing sites. Still saying that cyber censorship alone can spiel a vital role in stemming down CP is not actually true, since a large repress of new Usenet groups and web servers are created daily.

Theological Inquiry Christological Heresies Essay

Theological Inquiry Christological Heresies - Essay ExampleAthanasius of Alexandria strongly opposed these teachings and emphasized that deliverer Christ was indeed fully divine. genus Arius argued with the bishop Alexandria stating that Jesus Christ was not immortal and that he was the first creation of God. Arius ideas had a gigantic impact on the translation of Orthodoxy following several creeds, for instance with Jehovah Witnesses who are considered resign-day Arians. They present several Biblical subscriber lines stating that Jesus Christ is not God (Fitzgerald 26-27). Arius being a presbyter insisted upon Jesus Christs inferiority to God and because Alexandria along with the Greek East was characterized by an intellectual climate, the line widened and went on to reach Emperor Constantine. Both sides- the Christian church and the Arians did not let up leading Constantine to call for imperial attention and thus the Council of Nicaea was convened. At this meeting, the framew ork for the official Orthodox Christianity came into being as over 200 bishops argued out the theological and philosophical language. The Council of Nicaea came to be regarded as a major moment as it brought about the explanation of spiritual reality as the question of both the dogmatic definition and theological language was raised. Notably, also, the relative authority of offices along with individuals, an assembly of bishops and independent bishops, the emperor along with the council, and the pope and the council was argued out. Subsequently, the issue of authority to define orthodoxy as well as heresy came to be associated at the first-class honours degree with the issue of where authority was placed in the Christian community (Peters 39). It is crucial to note that Arius got his argument from studying under Lucian of Antioch who depicted Jesus Christ as a semi-divine intermediate being. Since Arius had flowerpot of friends some of whom were Asian bishops, they tolerated his ideology when he was ordained. This was how he started to raise a following that was spread out.

Information and Communications Technology in Children Development Essay

teaching and Communications Technology in Children Development - quiz ExampleA computer has always been a tool with great problem-solving potential. Regardless of how computers are used, slew find an increased need to share culture with others. This desire for discipline sharing involves the communication of electronic messages over a long distance and shaped the human into an information society.According to several historians, the Information Revolution is the third revolution in the history of the world after agricultural and industrial revolutions. The information age is the time, which brought fundamental changes in intellectual, social, philosophical and cultural aspects of the world.Some historians opined that actu exclusivelyy information revolution was the first gear revolution ever occurred and the agricultural and industrial revolutions were caused due to the information revolution. To prove their claim they said that when nicety started, travelers and traders trav eled from one place to another, as they have access to many cultures and traditions, they shared information and this information was actually the beginning of civilization as well as led the humanity towards the agricultural and industrial revolutions.Today information is the largest export of most News services, banks, insurance companies, television stations etc. these all organizations collect data, process it into information, distribute it, and store it as a major part of their business.As the world is an information society now, Information and Communication technology also become an active part of commandment and electronic classroom has evolved. Computers are found in grade schools, high schools, and colleges, as computer literacy becomes a graduation requirement. According to an official report, 98% of the schools of the United Kingdom alone are connected to the lucre (Rao, Mehta and Crishna, 1999).1.2 Statement of the ProblemThis study will discuss the importance and be nefits of Information and Communication Technology in the learning of depict Stage 2 children. It also attempts to determine the limitations and barriers to use information system in education. 1.3 Significance of the StudyThe importance of Information and Communication Technology in education has been thoroughly examine and explored in different researches and studies. However, the significance of this study lies in the researchers aim to study the benefits of ICT in the learning of Key Stage 2 children. The intention is to look at the use of Information and Communication Technology in the learning of Key Stage 2 children.

Secure and Architecture and Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Secure and Architecture and Models - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the definition of near as a term utilize to describe a situation that is free from harm and is not exposed to any danger. In computer world secure is simply the state of the computer and former(a) computer related devices are free from interruption risks, internal or external unauthorized inlet and access and infections. Architecture is the process of defining a set of structured solutions and decisions that meet all the useable and technical requirements in an organization while optimizing common quality elements and attributes. The important part of the architecture is the geomorphologic nature. Models are clearly anything that is used as a structure to represent another thing. Models are used to represent a blueprint of an intended project or idea. Models provide an overview and a simpler way of expressing Gordian process or ideas. Different Components usually perform different functions in a syst em. A equitable example is the computer system components. The computer system component comprises of the input devices, output devices, backing stores, and the exchange unit. All the components have different features and perform different functions. Because of this reason, all have different security prevention measures. The system components should be compatible with each other in order to work together as a system, this means that the developers have to generate ways to get the components compatible are a middleware of networks to get in touch the components to each other to allow communication.

Nursing Accountability in Relationship Essay Example for Free

Nursing Accountability in Relationship EssayIn this paper, I ordain review and implement recommendations based on the findings of the potency for Health Care Research and reference (AHRQ) regarding the cooking of hospital staff to respond to a press misadventure incident (MCI). I will give examples and situations that enkindle affect the effectiveness of proper readiness and chemical reactions to a traumatic event in our city, county, state, or country. For age, hospitals gain contemplated the possibility of a upsurge casualty incident (MCI). Federal agencies planning and responding to these events have determined that it would be overwhelming and catastrophic to any community. The resources would not be sufficient to absorb the needs and requirements for help. These events can be naturally occurring or manmade, for example, hurricane season and fracture season in Texas can be predicted with accuracy. In the West coast, we have constant planning and grooming for the next big earthquake even though we do not know with accuracy when it would be. During hurricane Katrina, we had an glorious opportunity to witness how prepared a city is, and how hospitals can easily be overwhelmed by a massive influx of diligents. Examples can be given worldwide, but for the purpose of simplicity we will not elaborate further.Never before have we experienced more threats than in the past few years starting from the Oklahoma City bombing and the 911 attacks as the most horrific examples to site. More and more we have seen our fears become our realities and our vulnerabilities, and this is what has made us rethink our strategies and gentility for proper response to chemical, radiological, or biological threats. Findings The reciprocal Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires that hospitals implement and test proper hospital response training in two ways a year.My hospital, BAMC, a military hospital, has complied with the training and has made significant contributions to the evolution and preparedness in response to a potential or actual event. The military has always been an integral part in training and provision in regards to logistics and coordination of available resources, but even the best trained or better fitted out(p) hospitals cannot compensate for the impact it has on its employees, particularly nurses. Nurses take part and are an important aspect of training and expression, and they are essential in the response to a crisis or trauma.Working in the soupcon department, I often question myself as to how is it that we can train and prepare ein truth year for a mass casualty incident (MCI) when I can see how easily we get overrun and in centre disarray. Our hospital is currently capable of taking up to four major traumas all at the resembling time, but the reality is that even under the best staffed days we get overwhelmed, resourcing quickly to diversion of soupcon Medical Service (EMS) to other hospitals when we have reached maximum capacity.If training then is to prepare us and accord us to be well equipped with the necessary knowledge to perform, why is it that we struggle under subtle real lifespan case scenarios? The response has to be once again in the direct of preparation that each individual nurse takes to be ready to be able to function under very stressful environment. The nurse can be well prepared for future events by performing after action reviews (AAR), which is primordial in determining the stressors and the potential solutions to the problems encountered after each event.Disaster drills are respectable in the effectiveness of command and control, communication, triage, patient flow, security response, and the roles each practitioner must perform. Recommendations Hospital drills and fortuity planning are key and instrumental to make the nurse familiar with his/ her role, as well as the role of all the providers of care and first responders. Prop er coordination and adequate allocation of resources are essential. The nurse can be instrumental in his/her flexibility and ability to adapt to different roles under extremely disorganised circumstances. Also, nurses are important for the delegation of tasks andcoordination of duties to be taken to stabilize the emergency department for the proper figurehead of patients arriving and departing. The nurse plays an integral role in the transporting of patient, triage, and treatment of the injured. Properly identifying those who are very critical (expectant, life threatening), and those who are stable and can still function (broken bones, laceration, psychological issues) allows the provider to render the proper and economic care. The nurse needs to have clear communication with the rest of the staff at every level of the hap event in order to function and coordinate efficiently.Good documentation needs to be implemented. Nurses need to remain creative in finding ways to document w hat has been done to a patient with regards of his or her care. In a war zone, we can document key components of patient treatment on the uniforms of soldiers, and the same can be done with civilian population in the absence of computers or charting for curtly periods of time. Another important aspect is the transport of first aid equipment and supplies as soon as the disaster is identified, including body bags, stretchers, wheelchairs, crutches, splints, IV solutions, blood products, antibiotics, and plenty of analgesics and narcotics.Keeping an adequate number of chaplains, counselors, and security is imperative for the emergency department to maintain order under the chaos and stress. Summary In conclusion, the registered nurse needs to be ever vigilant of the realities of our current situations of the world. Today, more than ever with ongoing climate changes and unpredictable massive storms, tornados, earthquakes, and the be threats created by man, we are always at risk for an (MCI).Keeping a good understanding of the preparation and the steps to take, and knowing his or her role the nurse can be reassured that he/she will be ready for the unpredictable and often unthinkable. References Training of Hospital Staff to Respond to a survey Casualty Incident Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 95 Rockville (MD) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) July 2004 http//angel03. gcu. edu/section/default. asp? id=705202 Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) St. John West Shore Hospital, MCI Overview http//www. emsconedonline. com/pdfs/EMT-Mass%20Casualty%20Incident-an%20overview-Trauma. pdf

Israeli Wars from 1948 to Present Essay Example for Free

Israeli state of struggles from 1948 to Present EssayThe 1948 War of Indep sackence, which took place amidst November 1947 and July 1949, was started by a 6 month civil war betwixt Jewish and Arab militias at the end of the British mandate of Palestine. This turned into a regular war after the declaration of Independence and the interjection of several Arab armies. The five surrounding Arab nations i. e. Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon with support from Saudi Arabia launched a coordinated attack on Israel from the land, ocean and air. These countries were urged on by their leaders who assured them that they could return after all Jews had been driven out (Eisenberg 147). The Jews were, however, able to defeat Arab armies resulting in an armistice that was signed in 1949 signaling an end to the conflict. The Armistice agreements were signed between Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. They established the armistice lines between Israel and the West Bank also kat oncen as the Green line. The Sinai War of 29th October 1956 involved a military attack on Egypt by Britain, France and Israel. Israeli troops invaded Egypts Sinai Peninsula and quickly overcame opposition as they raced for the Suez Canal.Britain and France offered to temporarily occupy the Canal Zone and suggested a 10 myocardial infarction buffer on either side to separate Egyptian forces from the Israelis. Egyptian electric chair Nasser objected and on thirty-first October 1956, Egypt was attacked by Britain and France. Consequently, the Soviet Union threatened to attack on Egypts behalf but it took the intervention of U. S. President Eisenhower to get them to agree to a ceasefire. The war itself lasted for only a week with invading forces withdrawn deep down a month. The Six Day War took place in June 1967. It was fought between June 5th and June 10th.The war was against Syria, Jordan and Egypt as Israel believed that it was only a matter of time before the three Arab states a ttacked her. After the 1956 crisis, the United Nations (UN) had established a military presence in the Middle East but in 1967, Egypt made it clear that the UN was unloved in the region. Israel viewed this as a sign that Egypt was preparing to attack and rather than wait to be hit, they launched a hugely successful military campaign against its perceived enemies. Following the war, the territory held by Israel expanded significantly and it now included the West Bank, Sinai, the Golan Heights and Gaza.The War of Attrition was a limited war that was fought between Israel and Egypt from 1967 to 1970. This war was initiated by Egyptians as a way of recapturing the Sinai from the Israelis who had been in control of the territory since the Six Day War. The Egyptian President believed that Israel would be unable to endure the economic burden and casualties of war. To this end, he ordered calibrated attacks on Israel which would not provoke an all out Israeli war response. The hostilities ended when a ceasefire was signed between the countries in 1970 with frontiers remaining in the same place as when the war began.The Yom Kippur War of 1973 is so called as it began on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), the holiest day of prayer and fasting in the Jewish calendar. This war is variously referred to as the October War. It started with a surprise Arab attack on Israel knowing that the military would be participating in religious celebrations. Israeli forces were initially overwhelmed but by October 8th, bolstered by reserves, they counter attacked in the Sinai. They managed to push bear the Egyptian military. The United Nations organized a ceasefire on October 24th and in September 1975, Egypt and Israel signed an stave agreement.Still, there were no significant territorial changes. The First Lebanon War began on 6th June 1982 when Israeli forces invaded grey Lebanon. The government launched military operations after an assassination attempt against Israels ambassa dor to the U. K. by a mercenary organization opposed to the PLO. Israel then attacked the PLO as well as Syrian and Muslim Lebanese forces before they occupied Southern Lebanon. The war ended after three years in 1985 when Israel alter in the safety strap lengthwise along the border.The Second Lebanon War was sparked when Hezbollah guerillas ambushed an Israeli guard on the border on July 12 2006. Israels Prime Minister Ehud Olmert declared his intention to dislodge the captives and remove Hezbollah from Southern Lebanon forever and thus began an ultimately inconclusive month long war. During the perfectly conflict, Israel lost 119 soldiers and 43 civilians whilst Lebanese civilians bore the brunt of the war with more than 1000 killed. The UN Security Council unanimously clear UN Resolution 1701 on 11th August 2006 to end hostilities.

Original writing Essay Example for Free

Original writing tasteI desperately waited for the answer. Laura has been remove I was speechless once again come on honey, think, youve been in this situation before. My brain started to hurt, I was in utter confusion. She was only 9 years old and she was a Buddhist, she had no health problems, she had no enemies well not that I could think of 20 seconds from then has on the button gone passed without any speech, I received a fax from the south, it was a picture, I took it, I gazed at it in horror. What I saw was something that would never leave my mind. It was a picture of my best friend, brutally murdereda piece of her body probably her arm had been cut into almost equal boxes of rough 10 cm each and placed in a certain way to spell something something that still continues to daytime. the LTT. LTT is the spill Tigers of Tamil, a terrorist organization in Sri Lanka that began in 1970 as a student protest over the control university access for Tamil students currently do wnks to establish an independent Tamil state relies on guerrilla dodging including terrorist tactics that target key government and military personnel the Tamil Tigers perfected suicide attack as a weapon of war.They attack the southern part of Sri Lanka where there are many Buddhists, Muslims and Catholic. I never aspect the LTT would need gotten this far. but they have. The questions and the disappointment that reached my brain were agonizing. I thought she trusted me, I thought she would severalize me everything, I thought she would never doubted me. I thought she told me that there was NO ENEMIES, although I did know she had her little plans for peace, but not clearly. That instance I realised all these years of acute each other was a bogus we didnt really no each other if we did then why am I so confused? 1. Today is the 22nd of August 2002, 915 pm. I stared at the newspaper in my bedroom. The newspaper I remember its the last thing we were talking about before we left, y ou were very clever for your age, I valued your words highly, I real didnt seem to veneration about them, but I did keep it in my head, thats the only thing I have to incite myself of you. Remember once you were reading this newspaper about enlightenment?You gave me the English section I thought it was pretty stupid, I remember reading it, and putting it away. Do you also remember the next day you went home angry at me for putting curd in your shoes and tying the shoelaces together? I mat bad okay, I waited with the newspaper for you to come plunk for and give it to you, as stupid as it whitethorn sound of giving you an old newspaper, I kept it in a way to apologize to you afterwards annoying you and show you that I do take care of your things. but you never came back.I set up ask you anymore, the answers to the questions, the answers to this mystery, and the answers to life. I deposet talk to you no more, Mum will think Im gone schizophrenic because only mad wad talk to a newspapers. But then I wouldnt mind because if murdering population is how sane people are, then Id love to be insane. I can however read it to you this foliate will always be in my mind. paralytic hold you to my ear so you can ramify me what happened, but I know newspapers cant talk. Ill draw you in the newspaper and then you can talkBut only computer animations do that. Remember yesterday when you flew over to the temple done my window, and you were floating with the wind? Remember I ran after you screaming and yelling your name? Remember people staring at me, thinking I was a stupid child running after a newspaper? I dont care what they think, what matters is what I think, I think of you, Ill cuddle you, Ill cronk for you, you are that one person that I ALWAYS trust, that one person who is very dear to me, raze if you are just a friend, you were part of the family.Sorry for all the things I told you, it was a misunderstanding, you understand rectify? Thats what best fri ends do, thats what humans do. Please come back, at least give me a clue pointing me to the deputation of where this happened, maybe how the angels pointed to the illumination church in Vatican city just like Dan Brown says in his apply of Angels and Demons, but yours with newspapers perhaps? Remember when we played this little game of treasure persist in the back garden? Please tell me this is one of that, you know I hate mysteries, then why did have to leave me mystified?Give me the answer to this mystery, Ill try my best, point me towards it, whatever, Ill find my way, I know you will guide me so I wont get scared. Ill promise you Ill do whatever you wanted me to do Ill play lots and lots of treasure hunt games with you, even if I think its stupid. Are you satisfied now? Please come back. Please tell me this is a joke. Ill email you, but I cant, I dont have your address, Theres no point in emailing you because maybe you dont have computers up there or you just dont a email acc ount.Is it emailprotected com? You have to snuff it in a place you have computers to read my mail. I cant send you a stake card or a letter can I? I dont have your address do you have a postman up there? Im sorry I spilled water in your painting, I hope thats not why you went, I promise I wont do it again, you know Im uncouth and thats how I learn. Only I know how painful it is to tell you this, but I regret shouting at you, annoying you just because I was bored, I know you were joking those times but I took it seriously.But anyhow and anyway I wish you were back. Ill staple my mouth so I wont scream at you and loose you again. I read this newspaper over and over again, to see if you had left me a clue, the only clue I found was heaven, is that it? If I keep this, it will incite me of you, Ill place it carefully and keep it organised the way you like it. Ill make sure your letters wont dissolve in my tears. I should stop now, I wouldnt want to wet you, dont hassle Ill look afte r you.I take care of you like you took care of me and stood beside me in everything I did. Oh how I wish you were back. Please, please, please come back. I miss you awfully.

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning Essay Example for Free

A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning EssayI have been searching for many years for the Holy Grail of inter brisk study, a distinction among collaborative and cooperative jibeing definitions. I am getting c meetr to my elusive remnant all the time entirely I am still not completely satisfied with my perception of the two concepts. I believe my confusion arises when I look at processes associated with each concept and see some overlap or inter-concept usage. I allow make a humble attempt to elucidate this question by presenting my definitions and re deliberateing those of other authors who have helped clarify my thinking. Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a structure of interaction intentional to facilitate the accomplishment of an end point of intersection or goal. Collaborative meditateing (CL) is a personal philosophy, not just a classroom technique. In all situations where people come together i n groups, it suggests a way of dealing with people which respects and highlights individual group members abilities and contributions. There is a sharing of delegacy and acceptance of responsibility among group members for the groups actions.The underlying premise of collaborative learning is based upon consensus building finished cooperation by group members, in contrast to competition in which individuals best other group members. CL practitioners apply this philosophy in the classroom, at committee meetings, with alliance groups, within their families and generally as a way of living with and dealing with other people. Cooperative learning is defined by a fix of processes which help people interact together in order to accomplish a specific goal or develop an end product which is usually content specific.It is more directive than a collaboratve agreement of governance and closely controlled by the checker. While there are many mechanisms for group synopsis and self-contem plation the fundamental approach is teacher centered whereas collaborative learning is more student centered. Spencer Kagan in an article in Educational Leadership (Dec/Jan 1989/1990) provides an excellent definition of cooperative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. His definition provides an unbrella for the cast cooperative learning specialists including he Johnsons, Slavin, Cooper, Graves and Graves, Millis, etc. It follows below The structural approach to cooperative learning is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures, or content-free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. Structures usually involve a series of steps, with proscribed behavior at each step. An important cornerstone of the approach is the distinction between structures and activities. To illustrate, teachers can design many excellent cooperative activities, such as making a police squad mural or a quilt.Such activiti es almost always have a specific content-bound target area and thus cannot be use to deliver a range of academic content. Structures may be used repeatedly with almost any subject matter, at a wide range of grade levels and at various points in a lesson plan. John Myers (Cooperative Learning vol 11 4 July 1991) points turn out that the dictionary definitions of collaboration, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of holding together the root word for cooperation stresses the product of such work.Co-operative learning has largely American roots from the philosophical writings of John Dewey stressing the social nature of learning and the work on group dynamics by Kurt Lewin. Collaborative learning has British roots, based on the work of English teachers exploring ways to help students respond to literature by taking a more active role in their own learning. The cooperative learning tradition tends to use quantitative methods which look at achievement i. e. , the produc t of learning.The collaborative tradition takes a more qualitative approach, analyzing student talk in response to a piece of literature or a primary source in history. Myers points out some differences between the two concepts Supporters of co-operative learning tend to be more teacher-centered, for example when forming heterogeneous groups, structuring substantiative inter- dependence, and teaching co-operative skills. Collaborative learning advocates distrust structure and allow students more say if forming friendhip and interest groups. disciple talk is stressed as a means for working things out.Discovery and contextural approaches are used to teach interpersonal skills. Such differences can lead to disagreements. I contend the dispute is not about research, but more about the morality of what should happen in the schools. Beliefs as to whast should happen in the schools can be viewed as a continuum of preferences toward curriculum from transmission to transaction to transmi ssion. At one end is the transmission position. As the name suggests, the aim of this orientation is to transmit knowledge to students in the form of facts, skills and values.The transformation position at the other end of the continuum stresses personal and social change in which the person is said to be co-ordinated with the environment rather than having control over it. The aim of this orientation is self-actualization, personal or organizational change. gravelly Rockwood (National Teaching and Learning Forum vol 4 6, 1995 part 1) describes the differences by acknowledging the parallels they two have in that they both use groups, both assign specific occupations, and both have the groups share and compare their procedures and conclusions in plenary class sessions.The major difference lies in the fact that cooperative deals exclusively with traditional (canonical) knowledge plot of land collaborative ties into the social constructivist movement, asserting that both knowledg e and office of knowledge have changed dramatically in the last century. The result has been a transition from foundational (cognitive) understanding of knowledge, to a nonfoundational ground where we understand knowledge to be a social construct and learning a social process (Brufee, Collaborative learning high Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge, 1993).Rockwood states In the ideal collaborative environment, the authority for testing and determining the appropriateness of the group product rests with, first, the small group, second, the plenary group (the whole class) and finally (but always understood to be subject to take exception and revision) the requisite knowledge community (i. e. the discipline geography, history, biology etc. ) The concept of non- foundational knowledge challenges not just now the product acquired, but also the process employed in the acquisition of foundational knowledge. Most importantly, in cooperative, the authority remains w ith the instructor, who retains ownership of the task, which involves either a closed or a closable (that is to say foundational) problem ( the instructor knows or can predict the answer). In collaborative, the instructoronce the task is set transfers all authority to the group. In the ideal, the groups task is always open ended. Seen from this perspective, cooperative does not empower students.It employs them to serve the instructors ends and produces a right or delicious answer. Collaborative does truly empower and braves all the risks of empowerment (for example, having the group or class agree to an embarrassingly simplistic or unconvincing position or produce a solution in deviation with the instructors). both person, Brufee holds, belongs to several interpretative or knowledge communities that share vocabularies, points of view, histories, values, conventions and interests.The job of the instructor id to help students learn to negotiate the boundaries between the communi ties they already belong to and the community represented by the teachers academic discipline, which the students want to join. Every knowledge community has a core of foundational knowledge that its members consider as given (but not inescapably absolute). To function independently within a knowledge community, the fledgling scholar must master plenty material to become conversant with the community. Rockwood concludes In my teaching experience, cooperative represents the best means to approach command of foundational knowledge. Once students become reasonably conversant, they are ready for collaborative, ready to discuss and assess,. Myers suggests use of the transaction orientation as a compromise between taking hard positions advocating either methodology. This orientation views education as a dialogue between the student and the curriculum. Students are viewed as problem solvers. Problem solving and motion approaches stressing cognitive skills and the ideas of Vygotsky, Pi aget, Kohlberg and Bruner are linked to transaction.This perspective views teaching as a conversation in which teachers and students learn together through a process of negotiation with the curriculum to develop a shared view of the world. It is clear to me that in undertaking the exercize of defining differences between the two ideas we run the risk of polarizing the educational community into a we versus them humour. There are so many benefits which acrue from both ideas that it would be a shame to lose any advantage gained from the student-student-teacher interactions performd by both methods.We must be careful to avoid a one-size-fits-all mentality when it comes to education paradigms. As a final thought, I think it behooves teachers to educate themselves about the myriad of techniques and philosophies which create interactive environments where students take more responsibility for their own learning and that of their peers. Then it will become practical to pick and chose t hose methods which best fit a particular educational goal or community of learners.

Discuss the different types of love Essay Example for Free

Discuss the different types of have a go at it EssayIn mask 3, Shakespeare portraits love in different characters point of views, also showing the different ways love terminate be expressed in. Orlando and Silvius both express their love openly, not fear of embarrassments. Touchstones love is very(prenominal) pictorial quints way of express is very childish and Rosalinds words are very self-contradicting. Touchstones point of view of a wife is a tool that fundament be replaced or thrown away at both time.Just from the condone he gave from not having a proper wedding for he is not standardised to marry me well and, not being well married, it will be a good excuse for me presentafter to leave my wife, it can show that he doesnt really value this marriage and is already thinking about divorcing before they are compensate married. Also from the reason he gave about the marriage is scarce by so much is a horn more precious than to want, we can tell how he sees Audrey as a person. Audrey in Touchstones eyes can be seen as an object or moreover a releasing of sexual needs, he is not respecting her in any point.As a headmaster jester, hatful usually imagine them as very nai ve and stupid, unless in a contrast to Orlando from a noble family, he acts more mature and is more realistic. By using big deviation in status, Shakespeare shows that the way of thinking is rattling not affected by the status and job of that person. Different from Orlando, Silvius pursues Phoebe day and night, and begs that she would accept him, while Orlando is just expressing his love without even the courage to go see Rosalind pose to face. But the love between Silvius and Phoebe is one sided.We can tell this after Silvius said she is homogeneous the common executioner, whose heart thaccustomd sight of death makes hard begging her to go easy on him, still just in return receives Phoebes mocking. She mocks him about his hyperbolic language and says now show the wound tap eye hath made in thee. During the whole scene, she only said Siliviuss name once, showing that she does not even spare him a glance. Not only is their love one sided, Phoebe acts really irritated and is very cruel with the words she chose to use.Like if mine eyes can wound, now let them kill thee, suggests that she would earlier kill him than to give him a little of her love. Although she says cruel things, save she never kicked Silvius or physically vitiated him. She also never said anything desire stay away, I think is because she likes to feeling of being popular, and the add together of attention Silvius is giving her. I think she mistook that every man is like Silvius, only crying for her love, and go before her knees, thats why she acts like a queen.This shows that Phoebe really has very little contacts with people orthogonal even the others in the forest. Phoebe actually is very inexperienced with love. Although she didnt say openly, but saying I had rather hear y ou chide than this man woo to a man which she has just saw reveals her affections. Shakespeare here uses dramatic irony, because Phoebe doesnt know that Ganymede is actually a women in disguised. And denying her own love is just like the actions of a child towards his or her first love, so I think she is very inexperienced in love.The love Orlando holds for Rosalind is very inconsiderate. As Rosalind says, he haunts the forest that abuses out young plants with carving Rosalind on their bards hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles all, forsooth, defying the name of Rosalind. He doesnt care how much trouble he is causing to the forest and other people that lives in the forest, just for the sake of his quotidian of love. He didnt care about Rosalinds feelings whose name is written by him all over the forest, which makes her widely known, just for the sake of his love.Orlando is very childish, naive, and venire. He wants the whole world to bank that he is in love with Rosali nd, even the Ganymede for which he has only seen. He said, fair youth, I would I could make thee believe I love and I swear to thee, youth, by the white hand of Rosalind, I am that unfortunate he. From his urgent tone, we can tell that how much a strangers word weighs on his heart, in order for him to swear. White using to describe a persons skin can mean that he or she is ill, but I think Orlando mean no harm, but this is just the word he can find to describe Rosalind.So, again, we can see the big difference in education between Rosalind and Orlando. He said the verses above right after Rosalind (now as Ganymede) said he doesnt look like he is in love, so he reacted greatly from just a strangers words. Just from one side of the story, without wondering(a) the truth, Orlando accepted the help of a stranger, without even knowing that person. If it was a trap, Orlando would be dead by now, so he is very nai ve. As a woman, Rosalind loves Orlando by heart. By the way she questions Cel ia about Orlando, answer me in one word shows that Rosalind is very urgent about everything that is about Orlando.Although she loves him, she doesnt show it very much, denying the love traffic pattern in Shakespeares plays, which when characters fall in love hard and fast, they would be desperate and reacts greatly. Rosalinds love is very self-contradicting. She says love is merely a madness when she also, is madly in love. She says as if she was very experienced with love, but actually she doesnt hold much experience than Orlando does. These contradictions only happen when she is dress as a man, showing the difference in gender can bring much difference in the way of talking and gestures.Rosalind is a very ironic character. She comments on love from two different points of views when she is having two different identities. She uses her identities to her greatest benefits, but in return receives a self-contradictory image about love. It is because in Shakespeares period, all actors were men. Imagine a man playing a woman who plays a man in order to win a mans love, the neat borders of gender becomes hopelessly muddled. I think Rosalinds Ganymede identity is use to show that men is actually not much better than women, because the things men can do, women can also do if they want.Shakespeare displays love in many different angles, showing to the audience that love cannot be too realistic like Touchstone, but cannot be too imaginative like Orlando love is a poison that can bring start out like Silvius and Phoebe, but can also bring sweetness. The love in As You Like It is farthermost to unrealistic that they are not likely to happen, but this is just a hyperbolic play, suggesting that it might make pass in another form. Like Rosalinds identities, love need to strike a balance otherwise they would raise problems for others and themselves.

International English Essay Example for Free

International position EssayIntroduction slope is termed as the universal row (Crystal 2003). In almost all regions of the world, face is each their official or secant linguistic communication. Most of the countries in the Western, particularly North America, are using the side of meat manner of speaking (Burchfield 2003). In addition, almost European countries, like the United Kingdom, and Asian countries, like Singapore, India, Pakistan and the Philippines, are more inclined to use the side of meat diction than their primordial languages (Cheshire 2007). It is true that the slope language is being utilize by different countries in the world. Some have also different ways of using it by having a distinct flare and structure of speaking and writing the face language. Nevertheless, it is also said that there is a common aim in which the English language is being expressed and used (Burchfield 2003). Having the same vocabulary expressions, meaning and senses, and concepts and contexts, the English language is understood if not universally at least globalistly (Graddol 1996). Truly, the English language plays a really vital part in the international scene.For a very diverse and sundry timbre of the world, it needs a general or common medium that would serve as the channel for dialogue among different countries globally (Crystal 2003). It is to be noted that every ground has its own official or native language. And this language whitethorn be understood however by its mother country. In this case, such country would very have to use a blurb language that other countries and the international community run into in order for such country to have access of communication toward them (Cheshire 2007).This paper would discuss the subroutine of the English language in different countries and in the international community. Further, this paper would try to elucidate on the different approaches that different countries have in using the Engl ish language. History of the English Language The English language is originally the language of the Anglo-Frisian civilizations. Around the fifth century A. D. , race from the northwest of Germany occupied the eastern England.The Old English language became a combination of the language spoken by the displaced primordial mountain and the language which was spread by the aggressor or the ruling class (Burnley 2000) Some say that it is either the displaced people or the aggressor that adapt to the kind of English language that was being used by the protagonist regions then. Others say that the now cognize, Old English language was the result of coalescent of the languages used by the displaced people and by the aggressor (Burchfield 2003).N unmatchedtheless, the Old English language was regarded as an artificial composition closer to that of the Proto-Indo-European (Graddol 1996). It was only that, it adopted the West Saxon scribal rules (Fennell 2001). Due to this influence of the West Saxon scribal rules or conventions, the Old English language was said to lose its distinct noun case system. The use of prepositions and constant word-order were the chief mechanisms used to point meaning. Such structure is manifested in the Middle English era (Cheshire 2007).In 1066, The Norman Conquest of England irresistibly influenced the development of the English language (Burnley 2000). There are huge numbers of Norman terms and expressions that became include in the Old English specifically those in the legal and administrative genres. Eventually, the Old English language was also influenced by the Greek and Latin terms (Fennell 2001). This signaled the rise of the Middle English. The fifth century, however, marked the sassy shift of the English language from Middle English to Early Modern English.The evolution was characterized as the colossal Vowel Shift which means that the change was motivated by the transformation on the uses and roles of vowel (Burchfield 2003). The lodge of the English Language It is true that the English language cannot be owned by one nation. It is for the rationalness that English language is not really owned by a single country or region. Moreover, the English language is constructed and utilized by different countries all over the world according to their ending and tradition. This entails that the English language may be used differently by different nations.Yet the English language, as mentioned earlier, has distinct common features that are universal to all English-users. The sentence structure, concepts and meanings, and style and phonology may vary according to the established standard for English language among different countries (Cheshire 2007). The United States of America has the largest people of English-speakers. United Kingdom, Canada and Australia ranked second, third and fourth respectively. Although U. S. and U. K. have the highest number of population that speaks the English language, the E nglish language was not even considered as their official language.In addition South Africa is also a known region of English-speaking people. Singapore ranked first in Asia having a great number of populations which speaks the English language (Kachru 1992). Although the English language only placed third in the category of the major language by native speakers (Mandarin Chinese and Spanish placed first and second respectively), it is the most commonly used language in the world. India ranked in the category of country which uses the English language as the second language (Kachru 1992).And because English is extensively used and spoken by many countries in the world, it is labeled as the global language or universal language of the modern period (Crystal 2003). Though it is not really being used as an official language by other countries, it is more likely that it is taught as the second language. According to some linguists, the English language that is being used by different pe ople all over the world does not really have a uniform character (Cheshire 2007). Conversely, it is the very one that absorbs the culture of particular countries that make use of it as a medium of language.In the international community or in the international scene, the English language is being used to announce international declarations. It is also the official language used in aerial and maritime communications. Moreover, it is used as one of the official languages of the United Nations, European Union, and the majority of the international athletic organizations (Crystal 2003). Such importance of the English language is also manifested in the printings and publications of books, newspapers and magazines in which the English language is used (Crystal 2003).It was also reported that most articles produced and print were written in English albeit only half of them came from countries which official language is English. Though there are regions and parts of the world which are not really proficient speaking the English language, it is undeniably that in some way they know and understand some of it (Crane 2004). This is the reason behind the idea that at any rate the English language is the most commonly used language in the world that even if you go to a foreign land, you can survive with regards to communication by using the English language (Cheshire 2007).

Creons Downfall Essay Example for Free

Creons Downfall EssayIt is clear that Creons tragic flaw was his pride, arrogance and beliefs of a leader that cause his downfall. His downfall began when he denied the sepulcher of Polyneices and was libertine when he condemned Antig matchless for her objection to his law. Creon represents the laws of the land and the divine ruler of society. He remains loyal in upholding his laws and nerve-racking to overpower the laws of the gods, until the end when he realizes that the divine laws are stronger than his own. His regards for the laws of the city cause him to abandon all different beliefs. He feels that all should obey the rules set forth by him, even if other beliefs, moral or religious, take otherwise. This is proven when he says, As long as I am King, no double-crosser is going to be honored with the loyal man. But whoever shows by word and deed that he is on the side of the State-he shall have my respect while he is living and my reverence when he is dead (pp. 40)This proves that no one should disobey his rules even if the large number that he rules for conceptualises his morals are wrong. But no one wants to speak out or stand up to Creon because they all fear him and afraid to loose their tone going against his words. Creon showed his stubbornness by not wanting to be proved wrong because of pride. He did not want to listen to the people of Thebes who tried to tell him that Antigone did the right thing, scarcely for fear of him, they could not real say anything.Creon thought by making an example of Antigones execution, everybody would get scared and wont try to break his laws. He abused his power by thinking that he can modification or break the laws of the gods and not allowing other people to break his laws. He did not want to burry Polyneices body, but one of the gods law was that every human deserves to be buried after death not depending on what that certain person did in his lifetime. Creon caused fear among his people by making a p ublic announcement that nobody is allowed to burry Polyneices.He said that the state of Thebes consists of only him, and that there are no other laws than his. The major actions that Creon took to cause the downfall of Thebes are that he did not want to burry Polyneices nor did allow any body to do it. He broke the burial law of the gods and punished Antigone for following their laws. The people of Thebes knew that Creon made a mistake but still were too afraid to speak up. Antigone thought that she should get honored for that what she did, but Creon did not think that way.Conclusion The downfall of Thebes was caused by Creons stubbornness and abuse of power. He thought by universe King he can do whatever he pleases and have everything going his way. Creons lineament as a King made him believe that he has the right to brake the laws of gods and makeup his own. He caused the corruption of Thebes by trying to measure his powers with the powers of the gods which Teiresias foreshadowe d that it wont have a good ending. References Antigone Creons Flaws. Dec 2004.

Beckett’s Main Themes Essay Example for Free

Becketts Main Themes assaySamuel Beckett explores the aimlessness of livelihood, lack of meaning and memory in holduping for Godot. Aspects such as repetition, change, recognition, blind faith, silences and pauses illustrated the forgetfulness and purposelessness of the lives of Vladimir and tarragon.Waiting is doing both something and nothing simultaneously Vladimir and estragon fuck this which is why they are in look for something to do.VLADIMIR We are happy.ESTRAGON We are happy. (Silence.) What do we do now, now that we are happy? VLADIMIR Wait for Godot. (estragon groans. Silence.) Things ware changed here since yesterday. ESTRAGON And if he doesnt come?VLADIMIR ( later a moment of bewilderment). Well imbibe when the judgment of conviction comes. (Pause.)Their intelligences are as empty and futile as their actions. There is a silence after they say that theyre happy which makes it apparent that they are just forcing the emotion on to themselves. The silence allows the reference to inquire if they actually are happy and if their happiness is of value. Being happy doesnt provide a function in life Estragon fatalitys to do something now that they were supposedly happy.To do something constructive is meaning(a) to pass the time the closest they can get to a functional action is to talk to apiece other. Having a purpose in life is probable to come with the emotion of happiness, since Estragon and Vladimir have convinced themselves to believe they encompass a purpose in life, they require the emotion of happiness to validate it. preferably than just telling Vladimir to do something as they were happy, he asks him which is a technique to create conversation.The characters have blind faith in Godot, they dont know what would happen if he didnt come. Vladimir is gravel when he comes to the moment of reality of contemplating that this being true would make their wait purposeless. He doesnt fatality to admit that if Godot didnt come consequen tly their long wait would have been for nothing, instead he says Well see when the time comes. This is a vacuous statement because if Godot neer does come then the time will never come. However, Vladimir shows indication of acknowledging this when he starts talking about change which is not unless changing the subject provided also implying that change in something proves that time is passing and that time will soon come. Moreover, towards the end of the chicken out when Estragon asks What do we do now? and Vladimir replies Wait for Godot. He ends the sentence there because he doesnt know what would happen after he did come and where their lives would lead. They show no reason to wait for Godot which highlights over again the purposelessness of their lives.As Vladimir and Estragon are waiting, it is vital for time to pass and the thing to establish this is for things to change.VLADIMIRI was saying that things have changed here since yesterday.ESTRAGON Everything oozes.VLADIMIR Look at the directESTRAGON its never the same pus from one second to the nextVLADIMIR The tree, look at the tree.The characters do not really have a conversation which follows in a logical pattern they often misinterpret distributively other. Although the two pass their time, they pass it in useless banter which is meaningless and gives their life no purpose. Estragon occasionally drifts off with his cause thoughts but Vladimir brings him back to his. They both have their own ideas on change, Vladimir refers to the tree to prove that things have changed while Estragon notices pus changing, even though theyre in their own individual worlds they both perceive a significance in change.Change is essential to them because they want assurance they have passed the time, and the only way to do so is to see change in their surround change would also initiate some form of purpose. However, their dialogue in general dwells on their historic and present which suggests that they are trapped in their current billet. The tree in the landscape helps illustrate a purpose because it is changing, it has to be changing for a purpose Vladimir sees it as a sign of hope. There is only one tree rather than lots, this makes the landscape seem dull and gives a boring imagery. It is a symbolisation of life and contrasts with the bleak lifeless environment its in.Recognition comes conjointly with memory which Estragon doesnt have. Estragon doesnt find that there is any point in recognizing things. He says what is there to recognize?. Estragon lacks memory which is why he gets frustrated. He distinguishes physical things which he receives like Lucky rush him and Pozzo giving him a bone. These things make a difference to Estragon which is why he recalls it. He realizes that he had just crawled about in the mud all his life which entails that he only recognizes the purposelessness of his life and the meaning it lacks.It is a commonly established idea that ones experiences define a person. Vladimir says Hes forgotten everything with regards to Estragon. Memory is important to them because what they went through yesterday was an accomplishment for them, if they cant remember it then it is worthless. If Estragon cant remember then Vladimir has no one to reminisce their execution with, however re opinioning Estragon and describing it to him gives them something to talk about and passes the time. Since they both lack memory of most of their experiences, their individuality is unclear. Vladimir tries to correspond the difference of their current landscape to the Macon country but Estragon fails to remember it, and derides at the word and states that he spent all his life in their current location, the Cackon country. The sound of the word is vinegarish and he says it as if it is meaningless to him even though that is where he is Waiting for Godot, the place where they are establishing their decided purpose of life.Silences and pauses are uses to transport the m eaning to the audience or reader during the short intervals they realize the meaningless conversation Vladimir and Estragon indulge in. The two begin describing All the dead voices which murmur, rustle, speak and make a noise like feathers. The silences are disseminated and their dialogues after each of the silences are repetitive which is tally to their nearly reiterated everyday routine and dialogues. The silent and empty stage is filled with the sound of the dead voices viewing audience are made to imagine the voices as Vladimir and Estragon describe them using similes. The dead voices contribute to the dense mood of their lives they argue over trivial things which is parallel to their depressed condition because they are too wispy to make it better. The voices reflect the situation of the two characters, they murmur, rustle, whisper in their actions while they wait for Godot.Repetition of the dialogues conveys the forgetfulness of Vladimir and Estragon and their pointless l ives. The extract begins with the characters speaking in useless banter but as it nears towards the end of the extract, Vladimir and Estragons speech lessens and becomes quieter as they run out of things to say. This illustrates their life cycle, the beginning is a bustle of military action as they were younger and searching for a purpose and meaning for life, they did things like pick grapes for a homophile and go to the Macon country but as they grow older, energy and enthusiasm decreases as they enter upon no purpose.Vladimir panics after the Long silence, because he doesnt want to think of the reality of their situation talking and actions distract their attention from reflection. Vladimir tells Estragon to Say anything at all in anguish, he suffers a mental despair or distress if nothing is said or done because then he will apprehend the reality of their meaningless wait. It is as if their terrible actuality is in his subconscious mind which he keeps on pushing away. Estrago n further confirms that the reason for their useless banter is so they wont think language is utilized to neglect silence. To further emphasise their reiterated life, when they run out of things to say, they motivate themselves of their purpose of their existence and the reason behind their endless wait which is to Wait for Godot.

English Transformation Practice Essay Essay Example for Free

English Transformation Practice Essay EssayComposers often subprogram diametrical methods to represent analogous ideas to their audience. How have the two texts you have studied reflect the same ideas in different ways?Shakespe atomic number 18s Taming of the Shrew and Jill Junges 10 Things I hatred about You are examples of where composers have apply different methods to portray similar ideas to their audience. This essay will compare the three common themes the texts share, including marriage and dating, put-on and disguise and the role and hierarchy of women in society. By comparing the dramatic and film techniques used in each of these compliancyive texts, the common themes are declaimed in their individual ways which ultimately are commensurate to engage their audiences.Traditionally, economics and financial gain have been the to a greater extent important aspect in relationships, especially marriage, as opposed to love. The marriage and dating customs of society have remained relatively similar overtime. In Taming of the Shrew, the audience is given an exclusive view into what marriage meant to society and individuals of the Elizabethan period. William Shakespeare conveyed how marriage as a financial gain was specifically applied to peoples during his era in Taming of the Shrew, where in dally 1 Scene 2, Petruchio and his servant Grumio visit Hortensios house. Petruchio boldly announces his quest to wed a rich wife.I cope to wive it wealthily in Padua, if wealthily thusly happily in Padua. Such a straight-from-the-shoulder statement clearly shows Petruchios gold digger of a personality and his values when it comes to marriage, most likely influenced by the society he lives in. When Hortensio refers Petruchio to Katherina as portion of a devious scheme for Bianca, the dramatic irony solely further enhances how when it comes to women, men of Petruchios standard prioritize marriage as a financial transaction first, then their own feelings or even the feelings of the intended and that the view of the female is non taken into account. In this way, Shakespeare is able to demonstrate the value of marriage and by comparing this to 10 Things I Hate about you, it is diaphanous that the same values still apply.The modern day teenage filmic text is still able to portray marriage and dating mostly as a profitable process through a different setting. When Joey asked Patrick to take out Kat, again, for his own warped benefit, including the punchline that if Patrick were to make Kat his own problem, a generous honorarium would be rewarded, Patrick immediately becomes interested. youre going to pay me to take out some chick? How much?. This apparent motion highlights Patricks cleverly concealed interest in this deal because it ultimately involves money.Throughout this scene, Joey is seen mostly cast in sunlight, which suggests an almost innocent like motive to his request, where as Patrick is seemingly more of the selfish, su llen and nasty ships company in his business deal, because it is all for money, and he is completely disregarding or holding no respect for what Kats opinion and emotions might be on this matter if she heard of it. Jill Junge also makes effective use of modal(a) shots, where the surly facial expressions of Patrick and arrogant body language of Joey and Patrick can be observed in more detail during their conversation. It also shows the reactions and emotions of them both whilst finalizing their business deal. The camera works and techniques of Jill Junge in this scene evidently express the monetary benefits of marriage and dating throughout time, from Shakespeares time well into the modern day.Deception and disguise in the two set texts involves harmlessly deceiving one, or multitudes of people by impersonating someone, or good at something theyre in actual fact not, the result of which is gaining something in personal value. Shakespeare expresses his interpretation of delusion an d disguise through Act I Scene II where upon arrival in Padua Lucentio and Tranio swap identities with each other as part of the plan to capture Biancas heart. Tranio assures when I am alone, why then I am Tranio, but in all places else, your master Lucentio. Master and servant are well disguised as someone theyre not, and the chess game pieces are set.Furthermore, Baptista, Bianca, Petruchio and the others of the story are deceived by the role swapping of Lucentio and Tranio. Again, the use of dramatic irony further increases the mask atmosphere developing in this scene, thus supporting the theme of deception and disguise, for masquerades often involve not knowing the identity of anyone as their face is so effectively shielded with masks. Shakespeare cleverly inserts the concept of deception and disguise within his play that it becomes an important and crucial element to the plot, and when compared back to 10 Things I Hate about You, deception and disguise is another important an d crucial element to the plot.

Video game console and Nintendo Essay Example for Free

Video game console and Nintendo EssayIn the world of video games, Nintendo has been a ho social functionh disused name for nearly three decades. After any, it was one of the pioneers of home video game consoles with the Nintendo entertainment System in the early 1980s. It related as the market leader with its Super Nintendo and Nintendo 64 systems. just in the mid-1990s, all that began to change. Along came Sony with its Playstation and Playstation 2, and Microsoft introduced the xBox. Before long, Nintendo was reduced to a fr challenge of its former glory, running a distant third in a highly competitive market. What happened? In certain respects, Nintendo fell fertilize to the industry model that it had created. More advanced technical schoolnology led to the creation of more than powerful sword assemble consoles, which in turn paved the road for more sophisticated games with more realistic graphics. As to each one new generation of crossing wee-wee the market, Nintend o found that it could not keep up with more technologically advanced rivals. While more than 120 jillion Sony PS2s became fixtures in homes, apartments, and dorm rooms around the world, Nintendo locomote just slightly more than 20 million GameCubes.As the most recent generation of free rein platforms from the gaming industrys big three came to market, many industry insiders figured Nintendo was destined to continue its downward path. Sonys PS3 and Microsofts xBox 360 were so advanced that it looked like Nintendo was due for another drubbing. Oh what a divagation a couple of social classs makes. For Nintendo, everything is now coming up Super Mario Bros. flowers. Last year, revenues and profits were up by 73 percent and 67 percent, respectively. In the last couple of years, during a epoch in which the Nikkei Stock Average fell nearly 25 percent, Nintendos stock price tripled.In fact, Nintendos stock price rose so high during cc7 that its market capitalization exceeded that of the Sony Corporation. On that measure alone, Nintendo became the mo largest corporation in Japan, tracking only Toyota Motor alliance. How did this struggling number three player go from product loser to product leader in such a short time?FROM crop LOSER TO PRODUCT LEADER Most people probably dont know that Nintendo was founded panache back in 1889. Obviously, Nintendo did not make video games back then. It began as a playing card manufacturer.But it also found success in hotels, packaged foods, and toys. When it came time to revive itself as a veteran in the video game industry, Nintendo did something that it had done time and time again. It focused on customers to divulge true opportunities. For the video game industry, the customer typically means one of two groups the 18 to 35-year old hard-core gamers and the children/teenagers. The industry earns most of its revenue and profits from these core consumers who spend a great consume of time and money enhancing their virtu al skills.Over the years, as hardw be became more sophisticated and games more realistic, these tech junkies were all the more pleased. In the process, Nintendo watched its revenues slide and its rivals strengthen. It realized that it could not compete against technologically superior products. So when it set out to develop the Wii console, it didnt even try. Instead, it focused on something the others were ignoring. It set its sites on the masses. Nintendo took a step back from the technology arms race and chose to focus on the fun of playing earlier than cold tech specs, said Reggie Fils-Aime, president and COO of Nintendo of America.We took a more intuitive salute and un interrogatoryable something that could be fun for every member of the family. 298 Part Three Designing a Customer set Strategy and Mix placed on a separate scale. The light bulb went on as Sawano thought about the possibility of spaning a users shifting weight on a game plump out as they shimmied and twis ted their way through virtual worlds. That game pad is now called the Balance Board and lies at the heart (or rather the foot) of the Wii Fits portfolio of manipulation applications. Users mountain do aerobic, strength training, balancing, and yoga exercises all in realistic virtual settings.It is now possible to go beyond the fingertip controls of past games and now use your whole body, Sawano told a crowd of game developers. The Wii Fit also facilitates exercise programs as it tracks and analyzes individual performance over time as well as keeping track of stats like weight and body-mass index. Perhaps the most promising part of the Wii Fit is not that it continues to broaden an ever-growing market segment. In addition, the Balance Board component has the potential to be integrated into a nearly measureless number of applications.Already, Nintendo has developed ski jump and slalom games. Its only a matter of time before Nintendo develops a Balance Board version for just about ev ery sport imaginable. psychotherapeutic hit after hit, Nintendo has vaulted to the clear up of the Wall track Journals latest Asia 200 survey. Placing front in the Innovative in Responding to Customer Needs category, the company placed second overall, trailing only Toyota. For a company that hadnt placed in the top 10 since 2002, the sudden relapsing is a telling demonstration of consumer confidence.For the Wii, this meant that Nintendo had to do more with less. The Wii boasts a humble combination of low-powered processors and a standard optical disc drive. Comp atomic number 18d to the powerful, state-of-the-art chips and high definition lasers contained in the PS3 and xBox 360, the Wiis graphics are out right scrawny. But at the core of the Wiis broad appeal lies a subversive motion-sensing wireless technology that forces the once sedentary gamer to get up off the couch and get into the game. The Wii mastery resembles a television impertinent.This feature was no accident as Wii designers correctly speculated that the familiarity of a TV remote would be more inviting than the more typical and complex video game controllers. The Wiis basic software also allows users to custom design avatars from a seemingly infinite combination of characteristics. With this configuration, users play tennis, go bowling, and hit the links by swinging the controller like a racket, ball or golf club, all with characters resembling themselves. The Wii met with immediate and drastic success. Entering the market after the release of the xBox 360 and the PS3, Wii consoles flew off the shelves.Not only did the Wiis contain an enticing combination of features, it also had a cost advantage. Microsoft and Sony had priced their offerings in the stratosphere. And even at $599 for the top and most popular PS3 model, Sony was still losing hundreds of dollars on each unit that it sold Nintendos low-tech approach allowed it to earn a hefty profit and be the low-price leader at only $2 50. With such a favorable benefit-to-cost ratio, the Wii easily won the launch phase, outselling each of the two competing consoles by nearly two-to-one in the first a couple of(prenominal) months. 9 Chapter CXXXX 43550 Page 298 08/15/08 MD SECURING THE FUTURE Although the success of the Wii has largely been attributed to attracting non-traditional gamers, hardcore gamers fuddle hardly been absent. In fact, many of the industry faithful saw the Wii as a relatively sixpenny second gaming platformas a nice diversion from more graphic-intensive games. The Wii also has the desirous advantage of appealing to the gaming elite with characters they grew up with, such as those from the Mario and Zelda franchises. But developers and executives at Nintendo are not content to sit back and risk having hardcore gamers lose interest.Part of Nintendos prox strategy includes games focused on more serious gamers. CEO Satoru Iwata shocked the industry last year when he announced that Nintendo wou ld soon add games from two Sony allies Capcoms Monster Hunter series and Square Enixs Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles. The release of these titles provide do more than appeal to traditional gamers. It forget elevate the Wiis image from that of a machine with little firepower to one that will run the industrys most advanced games. Said one game industry analyst at a tradeshow sneak preview, Its symbolic.I didnt think the Wii could handle this type of game. Everyone in the room today saw that it can. As Nintendo has successfully attracted an untapped audience of gamers over the past few years, it has done more than revive its business. It has transformed a market. The competitors that once trounced Nintendo now find that they must(prenominal) play catch-up. Both Sony and Microsoft are now developing easierto-play games that depart from their usual fast-action fare. Game publishers, including powerhouses such as electronic Arts Inc. , have started putting more resources into dev eloping games for the Wii.And even small, independent shops are getting into the action as Nintendos download channel reduces barriers to entry. All this is causing an already huge $30 one thousand million industry to swell. NOT JUST A FAD Although the Wii was an instant smash hit, many analysts wondered whether or not its appeal would hold up. That speculation began to subside when retailers were still having trouble keeping the Wii in stock more than a year after it was introduced. In its first 18 months, Nintendo moved more than 24 million Wiis. Even though the xBox 360 had been on the market a full year longer, it had sold only 19 million units.And Sony, once the undisputed industry champ, placed only 12 million PS3s. Nintendos willingness to create what a video gaming system can mean continues to drive Wii sales. For example, the Wii can scan weather, news, and network sites through a wireless Internet connection. Through the Wii Shop Channel, an iTunesstyle store, customers can download classic Nintendo games as well as games from independent developers. But in its pursuit to break gaming boundaries, Nintendo has also relentlessly pursued new applications for the basic motionsensing technology.A plastic rifle contraption allows users to realistically play wound gallery games. Snapping the Wii controller into a steering wheel has made driving games all the more electrifying. And minute in-controller speakers add touches like the sound of an pointer beingness shot while the TV makes the thwack of that arrow hitting its target. But perhaps one of the greatest strokes of creative genius in Nintendos inveterate stream of new applications is the Wii Fit, an add-on device targeted directly at women wanting to lose weight or keep in shape.The idea for the Wii Fit came to Takao Sawano, general manager of development for Nintendo, as he watched sumo wrestlers being weighed in for a television match. The tubby athletes were so heavy that they had to have eac h foot Company Cases Chapter 9 New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies 21 299 Chapter 3. In which stage of the product life-cycle is the Wii?Based on that stage, is Nintendo employing trade good marketing mix strategies? Simon Jeffery, president and COO of Sega of America, summarizes why Nintendo has been successful and why the rest of the industry must keep up.The fundamental interface in games has always been a controller, and Nintendo is bringing opportunities to developers to think about how interactions use motion. That has opened doors of creativity throughout the video game business. Nintendos success is about creative leadership and the willingness to do things differently. As long as Nintendo can stay focused on these elements that have returned it to its throne, it will reign for a long time to come. 4. Develop a strategy for the Wiis next product life-cycle phase.5. Discuss the potential threats to Nintendos future success. What will help Nintendo avo id a premature deny for the Wii? Sources Robert Levine, Fast 50 2008 Nintendo, Fast Company, February 19, 2008, accessed online at www. fastcompany. com Yukari Iwatani Kane, Nintendo Captures Top Spot in Japan For Innovation, Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2008, accessed online at www. wsj. com Yukari Iwatani Kane, Nintendo is Ahead of the Game, But Sustaining May Be Hard, Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2008, p.C3Yukari Iwatani Kane, Wii Sales Help Nintendo meshing Rise 48 Percent, Wall Street Journal, April 25, 2008, p. B8 Kenji Hall, Nintendo Calling All Players, BusinessWeek, October 10, 2007, accessed online at www. businessweek. com Brian Caulfield, Nintendos Sumo-Inspired Hit, Forbes, February 21, 2008, accessed online at www. forbes. com.Questions for word 1. Was Nintendo just lucky, or does the Wiis success have strategic merit? 2. Has Nintendo put the fad question to rest? State a case as to why the Wii is or is not here to stay. 9 Chapter CXXXX 43550 Page 299 08/15/08 MD .